作者：雅思考官小姐姐
链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/27037537/answer/2748234003
来源：知乎
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(今天小姐姐试着用中英两种语文来回答，如果各位喜欢这样的风格的话，请不吝点赞留言:D )
Not sure if there is a site that documents all grammatical rules that are obsolete/archaic (there probably is one or even a couple somewhere), but one rule I could quickly think of is the prescriptive rule of placing prepositions before relative pronouns (e.g. in which, of which, to which, for which, at which, to whom, by which, whereby), which prevents a sentence from ending with a preposition.
我不是很确定是否有一个网站是把所有比较古老、过时的语法全部列出来（我想这样的网页应该是存在的），不过我可以轻易想到的一个比较常见的例子是一个要求将介词放在关系代名词之前的规定(例如in which, of which, to which, for which, at which, to whom, by which, whereby)。这种规定可以防止一个句子以介词作为结尾。
For example, the IELTS speaking test has questions like this:
"Describe a contest you would like to take part in",
"Describe a picture you took that you are proud of,"
or "What do you most often use a laptop for?"
These are all considered to be “incorrect” if you ask an experienced editor of a reputable news media. The reason is, the "correct" way to write these sentences, according to ELA teachers and textbooks in America, is to front the preposition. In other words, leaving a dangling preposition at the end of a sentence is taboo.
举例来说，雅思口语考试有诸如以下的问题:
“描述您想参加的比赛” (注意: 英文的原文是以介词 “in” 结尾)，
“描述您拍过最令你骄傲的照片”(注意: 英文的原文是以介词 “of” 结尾)，
或“您最常使用笔电做什么” (注意: 英文的原文是以介词 “for” 结尾)。
若您询问经验丰富的知名新闻媒体编辑，这些问项都被认为是“不正确的”。原因是根据美国英文教师和教科书的见解，写这些句子的“正确”方式是介词必须放在前面(像是 “in which”, “of which”, “for what”)。换句话说，在句末留下悬垂介词是大忌。
While it is quite okay for native speakers and advanced learners to end sentences with a/an “in,” “of,” or “for,” their old-school, traditional teachers might frown at the usage and advise them to “front” the preposition, which makes the preposition precede the relative pronoun. The three sentences, if written/spoken with prescriptive grammar would then look like this:
“Describe a contest in which you would like to take part.”
“Describe a picture of which you are proud.”
“For what do you most often use a laptop?”
虽然母语人士和进阶英语学习者会使用“in”, “of”或“for”等介词来结束句子，但他们保守、传统的老师可能会对于这种用法皱眉，并建议这些人将介词"前置"，将介词置放在关系代词前面。以下三种句子，如用课本规定的文法书写或说法的呈现如下:
“描述一项您想参加的比赛” (“Describe a contest in which you would like to take part.”)，
“描述一张您拍过最骄傲的照片” (“Describe a picture of which you are proud.”)，
或“您最常使用笔电做什么事情” (“For what do you most often use a laptop?”)?
However, even flagship English proficiency tests like the IELTS and TOEFL are often ditching this rule when it comes to designing their test questions. The SAT (a standardized test that most universities in the U.S. use as a basis to make their admissions decisions before the pandemic) is also not forcing students to worry about the changed subjective and objective pronoun cases in sentences like “Who did Jane sit between?” and “Who did Jake give the present to?”
(Pay attention to the “who” and the “whom” - Prescriptively, the sentence should be “Between whom did Jane sit” and “To whom did Jake give the present,” but nowadays, fewer people are fussing over the distinction between “who” (which is in the subjective case like “he” and “she”) and the “whom” (which is in the objective case like “him” and “her”).
然而，连旗舰的留学考试如雅思和托福考试经常不采用此规定，且SAT (有人称之为美国高考，是一个许多美国顶尖大学在疫情前会拿来作为录取学生与否的依据的的标准化测验)也没有强迫学生计较"Jane和谁坐一起"或"Jake把礼物给谁"等的这种主客关代词的变化。
(请留意"谁（主格）"和"谁（受格）"-- 在正规文法规则之下，句子的正确写法应该是“Between whom did Jane sit” and “To whom did Jake give the present”，但现在几乎不会有人特别计较区分"谁"这个字是用主格(who)还是受格(whom)表达。*原则上，现在who和whom已经原则上通用了。
That said, although the fronting of prepositions might be relatively dated and overly formal, there is still a place for it in English writing since, in my opinion, it adds a touch of sophistication and creates a balance in our increasingly casual world.
虽然介词的前置可能相对过时或太过正式，但不可否认，它在英文写作仍占有一席之地，因为在小姐姐心目中，它赋予了在日益随意的世界中带来了一丝的复杂和精致，也创造了一种平衡。
If you are still craving more, here are some well-written articles on the topic for your reference.
若您渴望了解更多资讯，这儿有几篇关于该主题的好文供您参考。
“Up with which I will not put” — delicious, but misleading | Odile Sullivan-Tarazi
palimpsestediting.com/the-editors-notebook/grammar-and-punctuation/up-with-which-i-will-not-put-delicious-but-misleading
Ending a Sentence with a Preposition: It’s Ok and It’s Not
www.grammarly.com/blog/youve-been-lied-to-heres-why-you-absolutely-can-end-a-sentence-with-a-preposition/#:~:text=It's%20not%20an%20error%20to,avoid%20ending%20sentences%20with%20prepositions
In Which, Of Which, At Which, To Which: How to Use Prepositions with Relative Pronouns - One Minute English
oneminuteenglish.org/en/in-which-of-which-at-which-to-which/
How to correctly apply "in which", "of which", "at which", "to which", etc?
english.stackexchange.com/questions/3228
