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【试题】剪格子 |
一派護法 十九級 |
// 参考资料: http://blog.csdn.net/xushao_movens/article/details/50637251#include <iostream> using namespace std; #define MAXN 15 #define NO_ANSWER 0xffff int m, n; int grid[MAXN][MAXN]; int dir[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}}; int used[MAXN][MAXN]; int ans; // 求另一区域的和 // 参数cnt用于返回另一区域的格子数 int rest_sum(int *cnt) { int sum = 0; int i, j; *cnt = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < m; j++) { if (!used[i][j]) { (*cnt)++; sum += grid[i][j]; } } } return sum; } //搜索到(x, y)时左上角区域和sum void dfs(int x, int y, int sum) { used[x][y] = true; int cnt, temp; int restSum = rest_sum(&cnt); if (sum == restSum) { temp = n * m - cnt; // 总格子数减去另一区域的格子数, 得到本区域格子数 if (ans > temp) ans = temp; // 求最小答案 return; } int i; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) // 四个方向 { // 新坐标 int nx = x + dir[i][0]; int ny = y + dir[i][1]; // 坐标有效且未被使用 if (nx >= 0 && nx < n && ny >= 0 && ny < m && !used[nx][ny]) { used[nx][ny] = true; // 标记使用 dfs(nx, ny, sum + grid[nx][ny]); // 寻找子空间的更多解 used[nx][ny] = false; // 回溯, 恢复原来状态 } } } int main(void) { // 输入数据 int i, j; cin >> m >> n; memset(used, 0, sizeof(used)); ans = NO_ANSWER; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < m; j++) cin >> grid[i][j]; } // 搜索 dfs(0, 0, grid[0][0]); // 输出结果 if (ans == NO_ANSWER) // 无答案 cout << 0 << endl; else cout << ans << endl; return 0; }
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一派護法 十九級 |
正确 100 15ms 2.5MB
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一派護法 十九級 |
今天就考了一个与此题非常类似的题:剪邮票
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一派護法 十九級 |
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一派護法 十九級 |
【代码2:使用变量x、y】 #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN 15 #define NO_ANSWER 0xffff
int m, n; int grid[MAXN][MAXN]; int dir[][2] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, -1}; bool used[MAXN][MAXN]; int ans = NO_ANSWER;
// 求另一区域(used=0)的和 // 参数cnt用于返回另一区域的格子数 int rest_sum(int *cnt) { int sum = 0; int x, y; *cnt = 0; for (y = 0; y < n; y++) { for (x = 0; x < m; x++) { if (!used[y][x]) { (*cnt)++; sum += grid[y][x]; } } } return sum; }
// 搜索到(x, y)时左上角区域的和sum void search(int x, int y, int sum) { used[y][x] = true;
int grid_num[2]; int sum2 = rest_sum(&grid_num[1]); if (sum == sum2) { grid_num[0] = m * n - grid_num[1]; // 总格子数减去另一区域的格子数, 得到本区域格子数 if (ans > grid_num[0]) // ans一开始是一个非常大的数 ans = grid_num[0]; // 求最小答案 return; }
int i; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) // 4个方向 { // 新坐标 int x_new = x + dir[i][0]; int y_new = y + dir[i][1];
// 坐标有效且未被使用 if (x_new >= 0 && x_new < m && y_new >= 0 && y_new < n && !used[y_new][x_new]) { used[y_new][x_new] = true; // 标记使用 search(x_new, y_new, sum + grid[y_new][x_new]); used[y_new][x_new] = false; // 回溯, 恢复原来状态 } } }
int main(void) { int x, y; memset(used, 0, sizeof(used)); cin >> m >> n; for (y = 0; y < n; y++) { for (x = 0; x < m; x++) cin >> grid[y][x]; }
search(0, 0, grid[0][0]);
if (ans == NO_ANSWER) cout << 0 << endl; else cout << ans << endl;
return 0; }
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一派護法 十九級 |
【PHP代码:生成直观网页】 <?php define('NO_ANSWER', 0xffff); // 这个常量不要改动 define('TABLE_FLOAT', true); // 决定显示方式
function draw_table($sum1, $sum2, $margin = 0, $correct = false) { global $m, $n, $grid, $used; if ($correct) { $cls = 'correct'; } else { $cls = 'used'; } if (TABLE_FLOAT) { $style = ' style="float:left"'; } else { $style = " style=\"margin-left:{$margin}px\""; } echo "<table border=\"1\" $style>\n"; for ($y = 0; $y < $n; $y++) { echo "\t<tr>\n"; for ($x = 0; $x < $m; $x++) { if ($used[$y][$x]) { printf("\t\t<td class=\"%s\">%d</td>\n", $cls, $grid[$y][$x]); } else { printf("\t\t<td>%d</td>\n", $grid[$y][$x]); } } echo "\t</tr>\n"; } echo "\t<tr>\n\t\t<td class=\"$cls\" colspan=\"$m\">sum1=$sum1</td>\n\t</tr>\n"; echo "\t<tr>\n\t\t<td colspan=\"$m\">sum2=$sum2</td>\n\t</tr>\n"; echo "</table>\n"; }
function calc_rest_sum(&$cnt) { global $m, $n, $used, $grid; $sum = 0; $cnt = 0; for ($y = 0; $y < $n; $y++) { for ($x = 0; $x < $m; $x++) { if (!$used[$y][$x]) { $cnt++; $sum += $grid[$y][$x]; } } } return $sum; }
function search($x, $y, $sum, $margin = 0) { global $m, $n, $used, $grid, $ans; $dir = array(array(-1, 0), array(1, 0), array(0, 1), array(0, -1)); $used[$y][$x] = true; $grid_num = array(); $sum2 = calc_rest_sum($grid_num[1]); if ($sum == $sum2) { $grid_num[0] = $m * $n - $grid_num[1]; if ($ans > $grid_num[0]) { $ans = $grid_num[0]; } draw_table($sum, $sum2, $margin, true); return; } else { draw_table($sum, $sum2, $margin); } for ($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) { $x_new = $x + $dir[$i][0]; $y_new = $y + $dir[$i][1]; if ($x_new >= 0 && $x_new < $m && $y_new >= 0 && $y_new < $n && !$used[$y_new][$x_new]) { $used[$y_new][$x_new] = true; search($x_new, $y_new, $sum + $grid[$y_new][$x_new], $margin + 40); $used[$y_new][$x_new] = false; } } }
/*$grid = array(); $grid[0] = array(1, 1, 1, 1); $grid[1] = array(1, 30, 80, 2); $grid[2] = array(1, 1, 1, 100);*/
$grid = array(array(10, 1, 52), array(20, 30, 1), array(1, 2, 3));
$m = count($grid[0]); $n = count($grid); $ans = NO_ANSWER;
$used = array(); for ($y = 0; $y < $n; $y++) { $used[$y] = array_fill(0, $m, false); } ?> <!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>剪格子</title> <style> body { font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px; } table { border-collapse: collapse; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 10px; } td { background-color: pink; text-align: center; width: 30px; height: 30px; } td.used { background-color: yellow; } td.correct { background-color: red; } </style> </head>
<body> <?php search(0, 0, $grid[0][0]); ?> <div style="clear:both"><b>最终结果: </b><?=$ans?></div> </body> </html>
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一派護法 十九級 |
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一派護法 十九級 |
【纯PHP版代码】 <?php define('NO_ANSWER', 0xffff); $GLOBALS['answer'] = NO_ANSWER;
$GLOBALS['grid'] = array(array(1, 1, 1, 1), array(1, 30, 80, 2), array(1, 1, 1, 100)); // 数据
$GLOBALS['m'] = count($grid[0]); $GLOBALS['n'] = count($grid);
$GLOBALS['used'] = array(); for ($y = 0; $y < $GLOBALS['n']; $y++) { $GLOBALS['used'][$y] = array_fill(0, $GLOBALS['m'], false); }
function calc($used) { $result = array('sum' => 0, 'grid_num' => 0); for ($x = 0; $x < $GLOBALS['m']; $x++) { for ($y = 0; $y < $GLOBALS['n']; $y++) { if ($GLOBALS['used'][$y][$x] == $used) { $result['sum'] += $GLOBALS['grid'][$y][$x]; $result['grid_num']++; } } } return $result; }
function search($x, $y, $sum1) { $GLOBALS['used'][$y][$x] = true; $rs = calc(false); if ($rs['sum'] == $sum1) { $new_answer = $GLOBALS['m'] * $GLOBALS['n'] - $rs['grid_num']; if ($GLOBALS['answer'] > $new_answer) { $GLOBALS['answer'] = $new_answer; } return; } $directions = array(array(-1, 0), array(0, -1), array(1, 0), array(0, 1)); foreach ($directions as $dir) { $x_new = $x + $dir[0]; $y_new = $y + $dir[1]; if ($x_new >= 0 && $x_new < $GLOBALS['m'] && $y_new >= 0 && $y_new < $GLOBALS['n'] && !$GLOBALS['used'][$y_new][$x_new]) { $GLOBALS['used'][$y_new][$x_new] = true; search($x_new, $y_new, $sum1 + $GLOBALS['grid'][$y_new][$x_new]); $GLOBALS['used'][$y_new][$x_new] = false; } } } ?> <!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>剪格子</title> </head>
<body> <?php search(0, 0, $GLOBALS['grid'][0][0]); echo '<b>结果: </b>'; if ($GLOBALS['answer'] == NO_ANSWER) { echo 0; } else { echo $GLOBALS['answer']; } ?> </body> </html>
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一派護法 十九級 |
运行结果:
结果: 10
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一派護法 十九級 |
【PHP面向对象版代码】 <?php class grid { const NO_ANSWER = 0xffff; public $data = array(); private $m; private $n; private $used; private $answer; public function add() { array_push($this->data, func_get_args()); } public function calc_answer() { $this->answer = self::NO_ANSWER; if (isset($this->data[0])) { $this->m = count($this->data[0]); $this->n = count($this->data); $this->used = array(); for ($y = 0; $y < $this->n; $y++) { $this->used[$y] = array_fill(0, $this->m, false); } $this->search(0, 0, $this->data[0][0]); } return $this->answer; } public function clear() { $this->data = array(); } private function get_status($used) { $status = array('sum' => 0, 'grid_num' => 0); for ($x = 0; $x < $this->m; $x++) { for ($y = 0; $y < $this->n; $y++) { if ($this->used[$y][$x] == $used) { $status['sum'] += $this->data[$y][$x]; $status['grid_num']++; } } } return $status; } private function search($x, $y, $sum) { $this->used[$y][$x] = true; $status = $this->get_status(false); if ($status['sum'] == $sum) { $new_answer = $this->m * $this->n - $status['grid_num']; if ($this->answer > $new_answer) { $this->answer = $new_answer; } } else { $directions = array(array(-1, 0), array(1, 0), array(0, -1), array(0, 1)); foreach ($directions as $dir) { $x_new = $x + $dir[0]; $y_new = $y + $dir[1]; if ($x_new >= 0 && $x_new < $this->m && $y_new >= 0 && $y_new < $this->n && !$this->used[$y_new][$x_new]) { $this->used[$y_new][$x_new] = true; $this->search($x_new, $y_new, $sum + $this->data[$y_new][$x_new]); $this->used[$y_new][$x_new] = false; } } } } public function show_answer() { $this->calc_answer(); echo '<b>结果: </b>'; if ($this->answer == self::NO_ANSWER) { echo 0; } else { echo $this->answer; } echo "<br>\n"; } } ?> <!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>剪格子</title> </head>
<body> <?php $g = new grid(); $g->add(1, 1, 1, 1); $g->add(1, 30, 80, 2); $g->add(1, 1, 1, 100); $g->show_answer();
$g->clear(); $g->add(10, 8, 5, 7, 6, 4); $g->add(1, 9, 6, 2, 3, 5); $g->add(1, 3, 2, 1, 5, 2); $g->show_answer();
$h = new grid(); $h->add(10, 1, 52); $h->add(20, 30, 1); $h->add(1, 2, 3); $h->show_answer(); ?> </body> </html>
【运行结果】
结果: 10
结果: 6
结果: 3
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