作者：是阿瑶呀
链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/427683946/answer/3431838596
来源：知乎
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
Business Bartleby 经济学人|在工作中偶尔发脾气是有利的
Anger and management The pros and cons of losing your temper at work. Awareness days are meant to remind people of important causes and desirable behaviour. Among other things, February sees the International Day of Human Fraternity, World Day of Social Justice and everyone's favourite until it became a bit too commercialised-World Pulses Day. International Day of Happiness falls in March; you have to wait until November for World Kindness Day. Anger is far too objectionable to be celebrated with a special day of its own. There is an anger-awareness week in Britain, but the emphasis is on controlling tempers, not giving in to them.
愤怒与管理在工作中发脾气的利弊。意识日旨在提醒人们重要的原因和可取的行为。除此之外，2月还有国际人类博爱日、世界社会正义日以及每个人的最爱——世界豆类日，直到它变得有点过于商业化。3月是国际幸福日;你必须等到11月的世界慈善日。愤怒太令人反感了，不应该专门为它设立一个节日来庆祝。英国有一个“愤怒意识周”，但重点是控制脾气，而不是向脾气屈服。
fraternity
[U] ( formal ) a feeling of friendship and support that exists between the members of a group（团体内的）情谊，兄弟般友谊，博爱
• the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity 自由、平等和博爱的理想
objectionable
( formal ) unpleasant or offensive 令人不快的；令人反感的；讨厌的
•objectionable people/odours讨厌的人╱气味
•Why are you being so objectionable today?你今天怎么这么别扭？
Yet in the workplace, as elsewhere, anger is more ambiguous than it seems. Its destructive side is obvious. Furious people are not much fun to work with, and less fun to work for. A short-fused boss is likely to instil fear among employees and to discourage people from speaking up. Anger can also engender poor performance. Anyone who has ever been riled by a rude email or uncivil colleagues knows how in such circumstances suddenly nothing else matters. Every spare bit of cognitive power is redirected to thinking of devastating put-downs from which the offender will never recover; other tasks can wait.
愤怒比看起来更模糊。其破坏性的一面是显而易见的。和易怒的人一起工作不太有趣，为他们工作也更不有趣。一个脾气暴躁的老板很可能会在员工中灌输恐惧情绪，并阻止人们畅所欲言。愤怒也会导致表现不佳。任何曾经被粗鲁的电子邮件或不文明的同事激怒过的人都知道，在这种情况下，其他事情突然变得不重要了。每一点多余的认知能力都被重新用于思考那些冒犯者永远无法恢复的毁灭性的贬低;其他任务可以等待。
short-fused
N a quick temper 暴躁脾气
engender
[VN] ( formal ) to make a feeling or situation exist 产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）
• The issue engendered controversy. 这个问题引起了争论。
rile
[VN that]to annoy sb or make them angry 惹恼；激怒 ~ anger
• Nothing ever seemed to rile him. 好像从来没有什么事让他烦恼。
uncivil
ADJ lacking civility or good manners 无礼的
In one paper on the effects of rudeness on medical professionals, Arieh Riskin of Bnai Zion Medical Centre in Haifa and his co-authors describe a training exercise in which teams of Israeli physicians and nurses treated a mannequin of a baby. The teams were joined by someone billed as a visiting expert from America, who offered studiously neutral comments to some groups and made unprompted and disparaging remarks about the quality of medical care in Israel to others. The teams that had suffered rudeness performed significantly worse.
海法Bnai Zion医疗中心的Arieh Riskin和他的合著者在一篇关于无礼对医疗专业人员影响的论文中描述了一个训练演习，在这个演习中，以色列医生和护士团队治疗一个婴儿模型。这些小组中还有一个自称是美国访问专家的人，他故意对一些团体发表中立的评论，并对另一些团体发表未经鼓励的贬低以色列医疗质量的言论。受到无礼对待的团队表现明显更差。
mannequin
a model of a human body, used for displaying clothes in shops/stores（商店中用于陈列服装的）人体模型
studiously
in a way that is carefully planned and deliberate 刻意地；成心
• He studiously avoided answering the question.他刻意不去回答那个问题。
disparaging
ADJ If you are disparaging about someone or something, or make disparaging comments about them, you say things which show that you do not have a good opinion of them. 贬低的
• He was critical of the people, disparaging of their crude manners. 他批评那些人，贬低他们粗鲁的举止。
Being angry all the time is bad news for individuals and organisations alike. But so is being tremendously satisfied by everything all the time. Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor at Standford University who teaches a course on how to acquire power, reckons that displaying anger is an important skill for those who want to rise up the corporate ladder. It is associated with decisiveness and competence (though angry women are more likely to evoke negative emotions among other people than angry men do). Doctors who get angry if they are challenged about their medical advice are not judged to be less competent; if they show shame, patients take a dimmer view.
总是生气对个人和组织来说都是坏消息。但一直对一切都非常满意也是如此。斯坦福大学教授杰弗里·普费弗(Jeffrey Pfeffer)教授一门关于如何获得权力的课程，他认为，对于那些想要在公司晋升的人来说，表现出愤怒是一项重要的技能。它与果断和能力有关(尽管愤怒的女性比愤怒的男性更容易在其他人中引起负面情绪)。如果医生的医疗建议受到质疑而生气，并不意味着他们的能力较差;如果他们表现出羞耻感，病人的看法就会更悲观。
dimmer view
更加悲观的看法：对某事物或情况的看法更加消极或悲观。
Anger can have a galvanising effect in specific circumstances. A study by Barry Staw of the University of California, Berkeley, and his co-authors analysed half-time team talks by college and high-school basketball coaches in America and found that expressions of negative emotions such as anger and disappointment were associated with better second-half outcomes up to a point. When coaches reached the bulging eyeballs stage, rage started to have the opposite effect. There are similar nuances in negotiations. A paper by Hajo Adam of Rice University and Jeanne Brett of Northwestern University found that as people got more upset, they were more likely to extract concessions.
在特定情况下，愤怒可以起到激励作用。加州大学伯克利分校的巴里·斯托(Barry Staw)和他的合著者分析了美国大学和高中篮球教练在中场休息时的谈话，发现愤怒和失望等负面情绪的表达在一定程度上与下半场更好的结果有关。当教练们的眼球膨胀到这个阶段时，愤怒开始产生相反的效果。谈判中也存在类似的细微差别。莱斯大学的哈乔·亚当和西北大学的珍妮·布雷特
的一篇论文发现，人们越沮丧，就越有可能要求对方让步。
galvanize
V-T To galvanize someone means to cause them to take action, for example by making them feel very excited, afraid, or angry. 使 (兴奋、害怕、愤怒等) 而采取行动
• The aid appeal has galvanized the country's business community. 这份援助呼吁已使该国的商界采取行动。
bulge
V-I If something such as a person's stomach bulges, it sticks out. 鼓起
• Jiro waddled closer, his belly bulging and distended. 吉罗大腹便便地蹒跚而来。
• He bulges out of his black T-shirt. 他臃肿的身体在黑色Ｔ恤下面鼓了出来。
nuance
N-VARA nuance is a small difference in sound, feeling, appearance, or meaning. (声音、感觉、外貌或意义等方面的) 细微差别
• We can use our eyes and facial expressions to communicate virtually every subtle nuance of emotion there is. 我们可以用眼睛和面部表情来如实地传达情感上的每一丝细微差别。
concession
N-COUNT If you make a concession to someone, you agree to let them do or have something, especially in order to end an argument or conflict. 让步
• We made too many concessions and we got too little in return. 我们作出了太多让步，而得到了太少回报。
But being too angry was seen as inappropriate. And although displays of anger can work in one-off negotiations, they also invite retaliation in subsequent interactions. Anger has different effects on different types of people. Agreeableness is one of the "Big Five" personality traits recognised by most psychologists. Agreeable sorts value cooperation and courtesy; disagreeable ones are more cynical and more comfortable with conflict. In an experiment by Gerben Van Kleef of the University of Amsterdam and his co-authors, teams comprised of agreeable and disagreeable people were given feedback on their performance by an actor. The words were the same each time, but in some instances, the actor looked and sounded happy and in others they looked and sounded angry.
但是太生气被认为是不合适的。尽管在一次性谈判中表现出愤怒可以奏效，但在随后的互动中也会招致报复。愤怒对不同类型的人有不同的影响。宜人性是大多数心理学家公认的“五大”人格特征之一。随和的人重视合作和礼貌;不愉快的人更愤世嫉俗，更能适应冲突。在阿姆斯特丹大学
的Gerben Van Kleef和他的合著者所做的一项实验中，由一名演员就他们的表演给予一个由随和和不随和的人组成的团队反馈。每次说的话都是一样的，但在某些情况下，演员看起来和听起来很开心，而在另一些情况下，他们看起来和听起来很生气。
one-off
( BrE ) ( NAmE also ˈone-shot ) [ only before noun]made or happening only once and not regularly 一次性的；非经常的
• a one-off payment 一次性付款
cynical
believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons 认为人皆自私的；愤世嫉俗的
• Do you have to be so cynical about everything? 你非得怀疑一切吗？
An angry evaluation spurred the more disagreeable teams to do better than a happy (or poker-faced) one; the reverse applied to the more agreeable teams. By now the problem should be obvious. Anger involves a loss of control. But to be effective in the workplace, it needs to be carefully modulated. That means volcanic people need to find ways to rein themselves in before they spew invective everywhere. It also means that equable people need to learn to let fly occasionally. If there is room in the calendar for International Jazz Day, then there is certainly a case for World Calibrated Displays of Anger Day.
一个愤怒的评估会促使更不愉快的团队比一个快乐(或面无表情)的团队做得更好;相反的情况适用于更随和的团队。到目前为止，问题应该很明显了。愤怒意味着失控。但要在工作场所发挥作用，就需要仔细调整。这意味着火山人需要在他们到处谩骂之前找到控制自己的方法。这也意味着平和的人需要学会偶尔放飞自己。如果国际爵士乐日在日历上有空间，那么肯定有理由设立世界校准愤怒显示日。
modulate
[VN] ( technical 术语)to affect sth so that it becomes more regular, slower, etc.调整；调节；控制
• drugs that effectively modulate the disease process 可以有效控制疾病发展的药品
invective
N-UNCOUNTInvective is rude and unpleasant things that people shout at other people they hate or are angry with. 谩骂
• A woman had hurled racist invective at the family. 一个妇女对这个家庭进行种族主义的破口谩骂。
