作者：是阿瑤呀
連結：https://www.zhihu.com/question/427683946/answer/3431838596
來源：知乎
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Business Bartleby 經濟學人|在工作中偶爾發脾氣是有利的
Anger and management The pros and cons of losing your temper at work. Awareness days are meant to remind people of important causes and desirable behaviour. Among other things, February sees the International Day of Human Fraternity, World Day of Social Justice and everyone's favourite until it became a bit too commercialised-World Pulses Day. International Day of Happiness falls in March; you have to wait until November for World Kindness Day. Anger is far too objectionable to be celebrated with a special day of its own. There is an anger-awareness week in Britain, but the emphasis is on controlling tempers, not giving in to them.
憤怒與管理在工作中發脾氣的利弊。意識日旨在提醒人們重要的原因和可取的行為。除此之外，2月還有國際人類博愛日、世界社會正義日以及每個人的最愛——世界豆類日，直到它變得有點過於商業化。3月是國際幸福日;你必須等到11月的世界慈善日。憤怒太令人反感了，不應該專門為它設立一個節日來慶祝。英國有一個「憤怒意識周」，但重點是控制脾氣，而不是向脾氣屈服。
fraternity
[U] ( formal ) a feeling of friendship and support that exists between the members of a group（團體內的）情誼，兄弟般友誼，博愛
• the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity 自由、平等和博愛的理想
objectionable
( formal ) unpleasant or offensive 令人不快的；令人反感的；討厭的
•objectionable people/odours討厭的人╱氣味
•Why are you being so objectionable today?你今天怎麼這麼彆扭？
Yet in the workplace, as elsewhere, anger is more ambiguous than it seems. Its destructive side is obvious. Furious people are not much fun to work with, and less fun to work for. A short-fused boss is likely to instil fear among employees and to discourage people from speaking up. Anger can also engender poor performance. Anyone who has ever been riled by a rude email or uncivil colleagues knows how in such circumstances suddenly nothing else matters. Every spare bit of cognitive power is redirected to thinking of devastating put-downs from which the offender will never recover; other tasks can wait.
憤怒比看起來更模糊。其破壞性的一面是顯而易見的。和易怒的人一起工作不太有趣，為他們工作也更不有趣。一個脾氣暴躁的老闆很可能會在員工中灌輸恐懼情緒，並阻止人們暢所欲言。憤怒也會導致表現不佳。任何曾經被粗魯的電子郵件或不文明的同事激怒過的人都知道，在這種情況下，其他事情突然變得不重要了。每一點多餘的認知能力都被重新用于思考那些冒犯者永遠無法恢復的毀滅性的貶低;其他任務可以等待。
short-fused
N a quick temper 暴躁脾氣
engender
[VN] ( formal ) to make a feeling or situation exist 產生，引起（某種感覺或情況）
• The issue engendered controversy. 這個問題引起了爭論。
rile
[VN that]to annoy sb or make them angry 惹惱；激怒 ~ anger
• Nothing ever seemed to rile him. 好像從來沒有什麼事讓他煩惱。
uncivil
ADJ lacking civility or good manners 無禮的
In one paper on the effects of rudeness on medical professionals, Arieh Riskin of Bnai Zion Medical Centre in Haifa and his co-authors describe a training exercise in which teams of Israeli physicians and nurses treated a mannequin of a baby. The teams were joined by someone billed as a visiting expert from America, who offered studiously neutral comments to some groups and made unprompted and disparaging remarks about the quality of medical care in Israel to others. The teams that had suffered rudeness performed significantly worse.
海法Bnai Zion醫療中心的Arieh Riskin和他的合著者在一篇關於無禮對醫療專業人員影響的論文中描述了一個訓練演習，在這個演習中，以色列醫生和護士團隊治療一個嬰兒模型。這些小組中還有一個自稱是美國訪問專家的人，他故意對一些團體發表中立的評論，並對另一些團體發表未經鼓勵的貶低以色列醫療質量的言論。受到無禮對待的團隊表現明顯更差。
mannequin
a model of a human body, used for displaying clothes in shops/stores（商店中用於陳列服裝的）人體模型
studiously
in a way that is carefully planned and deliberate 刻意地；成心
• He studiously avoided answering the question.他刻意不去回答那個問題。
disparaging
ADJ If you are disparaging about someone or something, or make disparaging comments about them, you say things which show that you do not have a good opinion of them. 貶低的
• He was critical of the people, disparaging of their crude manners. 他批評那些人，貶低他們粗魯的舉止。
Being angry all the time is bad news for individuals and organisations alike. But so is being tremendously satisfied by everything all the time. Jeffrey Pfeffer, a professor at Standford University who teaches a course on how to acquire power, reckons that displaying anger is an important skill for those who want to rise up the corporate ladder. It is associated with decisiveness and competence (though angry women are more likely to evoke negative emotions among other people than angry men do). Doctors who get angry if they are challenged about their medical advice are not judged to be less competent; if they show shame, patients take a dimmer view.
總是生氣對個人和組織來說都是壞消息。但一直對一切都非常滿意也是如此。史丹福大學教授傑弗里·普費弗(Jeffrey Pfeffer)教授一門關於如何獲得權力的課程，他認為，對於那些想要在公司晉陞的人來說，表現出憤怒是一項重要的技能。它與果斷和能力有關(儘管憤怒的女性比憤怒的男性更容易在其他人中引起負面情緒)。如果醫生的醫療建議受到質疑而生氣，並不意味著他們的能力較差;如果他們表現出羞恥感，病人的看法就會更悲觀。
dimmer view
更加悲觀的看法：對某事物或情況的看法更加消極或悲觀。
Anger can have a galvanising effect in specific circumstances. A study by Barry Staw of the University of California, Berkeley, and his co-authors analysed half-time team talks by college and high-school basketball coaches in America and found that expressions of negative emotions such as anger and disappointment were associated with better second-half outcomes up to a point. When coaches reached the bulging eyeballs stage, rage started to have the opposite effect. There are similar nuances in negotiations. A paper by Hajo Adam of Rice University and Jeanne Brett of Northwestern University found that as people got more upset, they were more likely to extract concessions.
在特定情況下，憤怒可以起到激勵作用。加州大學伯克利分校的巴里·斯托(Barry Staw)和他的合著者分析了美國大學和高中籃球教練在中場休息時的談話，發現憤怒和失望等負面情緒的表達在一定程度上與下半場更好的結果有關。當教練們的眼球膨脹到這個階段時，憤怒開始產生相反的效果。談判中也存在類似的細微差別。萊斯大學的哈喬·亞當和西北大學的珍妮·布雷特
的一篇論文發現，人們越沮喪，就越有可能要求對方讓步。
galvanize
V-T To galvanize someone means to cause them to take action, for example by making them feel very excited, afraid, or angry. 使 (興奮、害怕、憤怒等) 而採取行動
• The aid appeal has galvanized the country's business community. 這份援助呼籲已使該國的商界採取行動。
bulge
V-I If something such as a person's stomach bulges, it sticks out. 鼓起
• Jiro waddled closer, his belly bulging and distended. 吉羅大腹便便地蹣跚而來。
• He bulges out of his black T-shirt. 他臃腫的身體在黑色Ｔ恤下面鼓了出來。
nuance
N-VARA nuance is a small difference in sound, feeling, appearance, or meaning. (聲音、感覺、外貌或意義等方面的) 細微差別
• We can use our eyes and facial expressions to communicate virtually every subtle nuance of emotion there is. 我們可以用眼睛和面部表情來如實地傳達情感上的每一絲細微差別。
concession
N-COUNT If you make a concession to someone, you agree to let them do or have something, especially in order to end an argument or conflict. 讓步
• We made too many concessions and we got too little in return. 我們作出了太多讓步，而得到了太少回報。
But being too angry was seen as inappropriate. And although displays of anger can work in one-off negotiations, they also invite retaliation in subsequent interactions. Anger has different effects on different types of people. Agreeableness is one of the "Big Five" personality traits recognised by most psychologists. Agreeable sorts value cooperation and courtesy; disagreeable ones are more cynical and more comfortable with conflict. In an experiment by Gerben Van Kleef of the University of Amsterdam and his co-authors, teams comprised of agreeable and disagreeable people were given feedback on their performance by an actor. The words were the same each time, but in some instances, the actor looked and sounded happy and in others they looked and sounded angry.
但是太生氣被認為是不合適的。儘管在一次性談判中表現出憤怒可以奏效，但在隨後的互動中也會招致報復。憤怒對不同類型的人有不同的影響。宜人性是大多數心理學家公認的「五大」人格特徵之一。隨和的人重視合作和禮貌;不愉快的人更憤世嫉俗，更能適應衝突。在阿姆斯特丹大學
的Gerben Van Kleef和他的合著者所做的一項實驗中，由一名演員就他們的表演給予一個由隨和和不隨和的人組成的團隊反饋。每次說的話都是一樣的，但在某些情況下，演員看起來和聽起來很開心，而在另一些情況下，他們看起來和聽起來很生氣。
one-off
( BrE ) ( NAmE also ˈone-shot ) [ only before noun]made or happening only once and not regularly 一次性的；非經常的
• a one-off payment 一次性付款
cynical
believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons 認為人皆自私的；憤世嫉俗的
• Do you have to be so cynical about everything? 你非得懷疑一切嗎？
An angry evaluation spurred the more disagreeable teams to do better than a happy (or poker-faced) one; the reverse applied to the more agreeable teams. By now the problem should be obvious. Anger involves a loss of control. But to be effective in the workplace, it needs to be carefully modulated. That means volcanic people need to find ways to rein themselves in before they spew invective everywhere. It also means that equable people need to learn to let fly occasionally. If there is room in the calendar for International Jazz Day, then there is certainly a case for World Calibrated Displays of Anger Day.
一個憤怒的評估會促使更不愉快的團隊比一個快樂(或面無表情)的團隊做得更好;相反的情況適用於更隨和的團隊。到目前為止，問題應該很明顯了。憤怒意味著失控。但要在工作場所發揮作用，就需要仔細調整。這意味著火山人需要在他們到處謾罵之前找到控制自己的方法。這也意味著平和的人需要學會偶爾放飛自己。如果國際爵士樂日在日曆上有空間，那麼肯定有理由設立世界校準憤怒顯示日。
modulate
[VN] ( technical 術語)to affect sth so that it becomes more regular, slower, etc.調整；調節；控制
• drugs that effectively modulate the disease process 可以有效控制疾病發展的藥品
invective
N-UNCOUNTInvective is rude and unpleasant things that people shout at other people they hate or are angry with. 謾罵
• A woman had hurled racist invective at the family. 一個婦女對這個家庭進行種族主義的破口謾罵。
