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元音字母開音節和閉音節中的讀音編輯 a
①在開音節中[ei]name,plane,Jane,baby,cake ②在閉音節中[æ]bag,dad,hat,map,black,back
e
①在開音節中[i:]he,these,me,Chinese ②在閉音節中[e]bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg
i
①在開音節中[ai]bike,drive,time,nice,kite ②在閉音節中[i]fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim
o
①在開音節中[əu]those,close,go,hoe,home,no ②在閉音節中[ɔ]clock,not,box,shop,sock
u
①在開音節中 i.[ju:]student,excuse,duty,Tuesday ii.元音字母u在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時讀[u:]音,例如:June,blue,ruler,super。 ②在閉音節中[ʌ]bus,cup,jump,much,lunch
2元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音編輯 a
①在[w]音後面[ɔ]want,what,watch,wash,quality ②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th前[α:]after,plant,graph,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father
i
在-nd,-ld和gh前[ai]find,child,light,high
o
①在-st,-ld前[əu]most,postcard,old,cold ②在m,n,v,th前[ʌ]come,monkey,love,mother
3元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音編輯 a
[ə]China,another,woman,breakfast 動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate,a處在開音節位置
e
[ə]hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children
i
①[i]holiday,beautiful,family,animal ②[ai]exercise,satellite
o
①[ə]second,tonight,somebody,welcome ②[əu]also,zero,photo
u
①[ə]autumn,difficult ②[ju:]popular,congratulation,January ③在輔音字母j,l,r,s後面時,讀[u]或[u:]音,例如:July,influence,February,issue。 在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a,e,i既可以讀[ə]的音,也可以讀[i]的音。
4-r音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音編輯 ar
①[α:]car,farm,dark,sharpener ②在[w]音後面[ɔ:]warm,quarter,towards
or
①[ɔ:]forty morning short ②[ə:]word worker worse
er,ir,ur
[ə:]certainly bird Thursday 註:①輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的 元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如:carry,sorry,hurry。②-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[ə]音,例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。
5-re音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音編輯 are
[εə]care,dare,hare
ere
[iə]here,mere
ire
[aiə]fire,hire,wire
ore
[ɔ:]more,score,before
ure
[juə]pure,cure
-re
[ə]centre,fibre,titre,saltpetre
注
①are,ere,ire,ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀[ə]音,例如:picture,pleasure。 ②重讀元音字母加r,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母r讀[r]音。例如:parent,zero,story,during,inspiring。 ③另外,某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如:orange,very,American,paragraph。
6元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音編輯 ai,ay
[ei]afraid,rain,wait,day,play
air
[εə]air,hair,chair,pair,repair
al
①在l,k前[ɔ:]small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk, ②[ɔ:ɫ]always,also,salt,almost ③在f,m前[α:]half,calm
au,aw
[ɔ:]autumn,daughter,draw
ea
①[i:]teach,easy,cheap,please ②[e]heavy,bread,sweater,weather ③[ei]break,great
ear
①[iə]hear,dear,near,clear,year ②[εə]bear,pear,wear,swear ③[ə:]earth,learn,early
ee
[i:]jeep,week,green,three
eer
[iə]pioneer,deer,beer
ei,ey
①[ei]eight,neighbour,they ②[i:]seize,key
eu,ew
①在j,l,r,s後[ju:]new,few,newspaper ②[u:]flew,brew,jewelry
ie,ei
[s]音之後[i:]piece,field,receive
oa
[əu]coat,Joan,boat,goal
oar,oor
[ɔ:]roar,board,door,floor
oi,oy
[ɔi]noise,point,boy,toilet
oo
[u:]broom,food,tooth,school,zoo [u]book,look,cook,foot,good, football
ou,ow
①[au]flower,house,count,down ②[əu]know,row,throw,though ③[ʌ]young,country,enough ④[u:]group,soup
our
①[ɔ:] course,your,four ②[auə]our,hour,sour ③[ə:]journey
oul
[u]would,should,could(主要是情態動詞、助動詞)
ui
①在j,l,r,s後[ju:i]fluid,suicide,tuition ②[u:]juice,fruit,suit
7非重讀音節中元音字組和字群的讀音編輯 ai,ay,ei,ey
[i]Sunday,foreign,monkey
ow
[əu]yellow,sparrow,tomorrow 註:元音字組在非重讀音節中通常讀[ə]音或[i]音。例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour
-sion,-tion
①[ʃən]impression,nation ②在元音字母后[ʒən]vision,decision,occasion ③在s後[tʃən]question,suggestion
-isle
[ail]aisle, Carlisle
-sten
[sn]listen
-stle
[sɫ]whistle
-sure
[ʒə]pleasure,measure
-ture
[tʃə]picture,culture
8元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音編輯
複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如:everyday[ei],handbag[æ],blackboard[ɔ:]。有些詞隨着語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如:sun(太陽)+day[ei](日子)=Sunday(星期天);holy(神聖)+day[ei](日子)=holiday[i](假日):break(中斷)+fast[α:](齋戒)=breakfast[ə](早餐);cup(茶杯)+board[ɔ:](木板)=cupboard[ə](碗櫃)。
9輔字組的讀音編輯 b
①[b] bike,bus,bag ②[不發]bomb,tomb
c
①在e前或在i,y前[s]face,decide,cinema ②其他情況[k]cake,picture,coat,music ③[tʃ]cello
ch
①[tʃ]much,chick,rich,teacher ②[k]school,headache,chemistry(主要為希臘外來詞) ③[ʃ]machine,moustache(主要是法語外來詞)
-ck [k]cock,pocket,black,knock cz
[tʃ] Czech
d
[d]doctor,bread,hand,day
-dg(e)
[dʒ]bridge,fridge
dr-
[dr]children,driver,drink
ds
[dz]hands(主要用於可數名詞複數)
f
[f]five,four,breakfast
g
①[g]bag,garden,go ②[dʒ]orange,large,German ③[ʒ]genre,massage
gh
①[f]cough,enough ②[不發]light,daughter,high
gu-,-gue
①[g]guess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重讀音節中) ②[gw]language,anguish
h
①[h]hot,head,house,hand ②[不發]hour,honest
j
①[dʒ]jeep,jar,joke,join,June ②[ʒ]Jacques(用於法國人名 ③[h]Juanita(用於西班牙人名)
k
[k]kind,bike,skate,make,week kn-[n]knife,know,knock
l
①[l]life,lead,lot(出現在元音前面) ②[ɫ]milk,school,tall[出現在元音後面。可以出現在輔音前,也可出現在輔音後(詞尾)]
m
[m]monkey,come -mn[m]autumn,column,solemn
n
①[n]not,shine,ten,note ②在[k],[g]音前[ŋ]uncle,thank,hungry
-ng
[ŋ]morning,young,wrong
p
[p]paper,plane,pig,ship,pen
ph
[f]elephant,photo,telephone,graph
q
[k]Iraq
qu-
[kw]quality,quite
r
[r]red,rubber,ruler
rz
[ʒ] Zabrze(扎布熱)
s
①在詞首、清輔音前[s]sit,sleep,desk ②元音字母間或濁輔音前[z]music,husband
sc-
①[sk]scarlet ②[s]muscle,science
sch-
[ʃ]schedule[英′ʃedju:l,美′skedʒul]
sh
[ʃ]she,fish,shirt,wash
t
①[t]ten,letter,meet ②在弱讀字母ia,ie,io前[ʃ]patient,nation
tch
[tʃ]watch
th
①[θ]thin,thirty,method ②[ð]the,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather(在冠詞、代詞、介詞、連詞中,以及在詞尾-the,-ther中
tr-
[tr]tree,train,country,truck
ts,tz
[ts]Tsingtao(青島),Tientsin(天津),pants(主要用於可數名詞複數) quartz,Hertz[英hə:z,美hə:rts](用於德國人名)
v
[v]very,voice,love,leave
w
①[w]week,win,wake,sweet,wait ②[不發]answer,two,sword
wh-
①[w]what,when,white,why ②在字母o前[h]who,whose,whole
wr-
[r]write
x
①在重讀元音前[ks]box,text,exercise ②[gz]example,exist,exact ③[z]xylophone
y
[j]yes,yard,yellow,young
z
①[z]puzzle,zero,zoo ②[ʒ]azure ③[ts]pizza Nazi(意大利、德國外來詞)
zh
[ʒ] zhoosh
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